The research focuses on the impact of international political economy on the digital transformation of supply chains in China-Russia economic cooperation. The data model is used to quantitatively analyze the impact of international political and economic factors and the digital transformation of supply chains on China-Russia economic cooperation. The variables include dependent variables, independent variables, and control variables. The data model formula includes the regression model of economic cooperation efficiency, supply chain digital transformation, and supply chain efficiency. An empirical analysis reveals that factors such as the international political economy, the digital transformation of supply chains, and the market environment positively influence the efficiency of economic cooperation. Conversely, geographical factors can have a negative impact. Uncertainty has been heightened by events like the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, underscoring the need for stronger cooperation between China and Russia. The research recommends that both countries focus on promoting the development of the Far East and Siberia, accelerating the digital transformation of supply chains, and optimizing supply chain management. These measures aim to address the challenges posed by global political and economic shifts while deepening economic collaboration between the two countries.