The Choir and the Song
摘要
The recent “animal turn” in a range of academic disciplines has moved away from the dominant anthropocentrism to an ostensibly more zoocentric way of speaking of animals as living beings. Yet even this language has taken human self-sufficiency as its reference point, and shares with anthropocentrism the question: how do humans fit into the world? At its centre; or as an animal among animals? Before the twentieth century, another way of speaking was available, one which began with God rather than with how humans fit into the world. The subjugation of this nonconformist discourse is symptomatic of what Emmanuel Levinas sees as Western thought’s abandonment of its historical concern with transcendence in favour of the self-sufficiency of existence. This chapter explores the implications of recovering this alternative cultural imaginary as one which celebrates animals, human or not, as lyric, as meaning; affirming creation as a song sung for another. Creation was, as Jürgen Moltmann imagined, sung into existence, and that song continues to resound. Isaac Watts exhorts heaven and nature to sing, pointing us to a different ontology of animals, and to values beyond human interests. Creation as song sung for another destabilises both anthropocentric hierarchy and zoocentric unity, opening a space for a sustaining and cherishing song to displace violence.