This chapter traces Paul’s nonlinear trajectory across Tapachula, Tijuana, Cancún, Mexico City, and U.S. detention centers, and repeated returns to Cameroon to illuminate how African migration through Mexico is constituted by overlapping mobilities and immobilities. Paul’s designation as “stateless” by Mexican authorities exposes the fragility and improvisation of legal categories and the disjuncture between rights on paper and access in practice. His efforts to work, bank, rent housing, and travel reveal how bureaucratic uncertainty and racialized gatekeeping convert formal inclusion into everyday exclusion. Beyond state policy, Paul’s movements are steered by dispersed infrastructures: airline ticketing rules and transit visas, digital bureaucracies such as CBP One, informal governance by hotel managers and brokers, and criminalized “tolls” embedded in domestic transport routes. Episodes of being stranded or halted by extortion show how mundane financial and logistical bottlenecks immobilize as effectively as borders. Rumor, partial information, and hope operate as vital navigation tools, yet repeatedly collide with detention, illness, and deportation. Through Paul’s case, the chapter argues that migration in Mexico is best understood as an entangled process of constant negotiation across legal, political, and socioeconomic terrains, where recognition and exclusion are co-produced and mobility remains precariously contingent.

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Paul—A Story of Multiple Displacements

  • Ester Serra Mingot

摘要

This chapter traces Paul’s nonlinear trajectory across Tapachula, Tijuana, Cancún, Mexico City, and U.S. detention centers, and repeated returns to Cameroon to illuminate how African migration through Mexico is constituted by overlapping mobilities and immobilities. Paul’s designation as “stateless” by Mexican authorities exposes the fragility and improvisation of legal categories and the disjuncture between rights on paper and access in practice. His efforts to work, bank, rent housing, and travel reveal how bureaucratic uncertainty and racialized gatekeeping convert formal inclusion into everyday exclusion. Beyond state policy, Paul’s movements are steered by dispersed infrastructures: airline ticketing rules and transit visas, digital bureaucracies such as CBP One, informal governance by hotel managers and brokers, and criminalized “tolls” embedded in domestic transport routes. Episodes of being stranded or halted by extortion show how mundane financial and logistical bottlenecks immobilize as effectively as borders. Rumor, partial information, and hope operate as vital navigation tools, yet repeatedly collide with detention, illness, and deportation. Through Paul’s case, the chapter argues that migration in Mexico is best understood as an entangled process of constant negotiation across legal, political, and socioeconomic terrains, where recognition and exclusion are co-produced and mobility remains precariously contingent.