The passive and active stabilization structures of the lumbar spine help maintain its normal function. Passive stabilization includes the bony components of the functional spinal unit (FSU), with the facet joint playing a significant role in both stabilization and load bearing. Kinematic movements about the center of rotation (COR) are tied to both the unique anatomical structure of the lumbar vertebrae, their facet joints, and their respective intervertebral discs. Active stabilization by muscles such as the erector spinae, oblique abdominals, and multifidus helps stabilize the lumbar spine during static and non-static states. Overall, the normal biomechanics of the lumbar spine feature a complex interplay between osteoligamentous and musculotendinous components to produce stability and function.