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This study develops fleet replacement strategies for public transport operators (PTO), aligning with EU standards while optimizing two objectives: cost minimization and CO₂ emission reduction. Three propulsion technologies—diesel, com-pressed natural gas, and electric—are analyzed, along with two bus types: standard and articulated. The strategies consider acquisition, operational, and service costs, as well as CO₂ emissions. The proposed approach is applied over a 10-year period using real-world data from Seville’s PTO. Energy demand is adapted to fleet characteristics, considering propulsion, climate control, air compression, and auxiliary systems. The emission-focused strategy achieves a 15% CO₂ reduction with only a 4% cost increase compared to the cost-minimization strategy.

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Bus Fleet Replacement for Costs and CO2 Minimization: A Case Study

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Miguel A. Tagua-Navarrete,
  • Javier Serrano-Reyes,
  • José A. Vélez-Godiño,
  • Francisco J. Jiménez-Espadafor

摘要

This study develops fleet replacement strategies for public transport operators (PTO), aligning with EU standards while optimizing two objectives: cost minimization and CO₂ emission reduction. Three propulsion technologies—diesel, com-pressed natural gas, and electric—are analyzed, along with two bus types: standard and articulated. The strategies consider acquisition, operational, and service costs, as well as CO₂ emissions. The proposed approach is applied over a 10-year period using real-world data from Seville’s PTO. Energy demand is adapted to fleet characteristics, considering propulsion, climate control, air compression, and auxiliary systems. The emission-focused strategy achieves a 15% CO₂ reduction with only a 4% cost increase compared to the cost-minimization strategy.