Access to safe and adequate amounts of freshwater is constantly being challenged throughout the world. Freshwater amounts to only a small percentage of the available water on Earth. Around 0.01% of water is usable for human use, which means that not only is adequate water supply important, but the quality of the water is just as critical. Climate change is expected to increase droughts, air and water temperatures, floods, and extreme precipitation events. All of these meteorological and climatic phenomena are likely to not only affect the availability of the world’s freshwater supplies but also the quality of the water available for human use (i.e., drinking water). Evaluating the effects of climate change on water quality is best achieved by assessing the physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics of freshwater and how climate change affects the quantity and quality of available and usable freshwater.