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This study examines the use of 3D modeling techniques for documenting cultural heritage sites, focusing on a military heritage site in Sardinia, Italy. Three techniques were selected for this purpose: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), UAV photogrammetry, and spherical photogrammetry, each with distinct advantages and limitations. TLS was used for capturing the entire fortification, serving as a reference for validating other data sources. UAV photogrammetry provided a comprehensive aerial view of the site, while spherical photogrammetry was specifically tested for the confined interior of the turret. The latter method, using a consumer-grade 360-degree camera, provided a simple and cost-effective way to document a complex space. The comparison between the spherical model and the TLS model showed an average Cloud-to-Cloud distance of less than 2 cm. This result suggests that spherical photogrammetry is a viable and rapid method for cultural heritage documentation and 3D modeling, particularly in confined spaces. The study highlights that spherical photogrammetry offers a quick and effective workflow for generating 3D models and related planar products for further analysis, despite some limitations, such as incomplete coverage in certain areas.

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Use of Low-Cost Spherical Camera for the Cultural Heritage 3D Model. Palau Fortification Case Study

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Giuseppina Vacca,
  • Enrica Vecchi,
  • Andrea Dessì

摘要

This study examines the use of 3D modeling techniques for documenting cultural heritage sites, focusing on a military heritage site in Sardinia, Italy. Three techniques were selected for this purpose: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), UAV photogrammetry, and spherical photogrammetry, each with distinct advantages and limitations. TLS was used for capturing the entire fortification, serving as a reference for validating other data sources. UAV photogrammetry provided a comprehensive aerial view of the site, while spherical photogrammetry was specifically tested for the confined interior of the turret. The latter method, using a consumer-grade 360-degree camera, provided a simple and cost-effective way to document a complex space. The comparison between the spherical model and the TLS model showed an average Cloud-to-Cloud distance of less than 2 cm. This result suggests that spherical photogrammetry is a viable and rapid method for cultural heritage documentation and 3D modeling, particularly in confined spaces. The study highlights that spherical photogrammetry offers a quick and effective workflow for generating 3D models and related planar products for further analysis, despite some limitations, such as incomplete coverage in certain areas.