The Trace of Transcendence: Expanding Naturalism Beyond Atheism
摘要
This chapter challenges the traditional association between naturalism and atheism by exploring the evolving boundaries of naturalistic thought. While naturalism historically emerged as a secular, Enlightenment-era framework rejecting supernatural explanations, recent philosophical developments suggest a more nuanced landscape. By examining twentieth-century and contemporary thinkers, the chapter investigates how expanded naturalism accommodates human experiences of value, meaning, and even the transcendent. Through four sections, it traces this evolution—from the integration of value into naturalism, to the blurring of secular and spiritual lines, to the cautious embrace of the numinous as a “trace of the transcendent.” The final section proposes a minimalist metaphysical framework, drawing analogies from mathematical philosophy, to articulate a broadened naturalism that remains intellectually rigorous while open to mystery.