This chapter explores apportionment from 1790 to 1820. Dissatisfaction with the institutional design of the House and the expectation that the number of seats would increase with the first apportionment provided political actors with the ability to reconstitute the House to better reflect a preferred understanding of representation. Moreover, a method of reapportionment needed to be established given the lack of one established by the Constitution. During this time, apportionment acts followed a divisor method, proposed by Thomas Jefferson, that used a fixed ratio of representation as the divisor of state populations to determine the number of seats granted to each state. Population, however, is not perfectly divisible, and the question of representing fractions became an early reapportionment issue. Alexander Hamilton proposed an alternative method that allowed for fractional representation that was ultimately vetoed by President Washington. The Anti-Federalists’ concern with adequate representation established the precedent of increasing the size of the House by using a low ratio as a divisor, thereby reducing the size of a representative’s constituency to better represent constituents’ interests.