This book is about the process by which constitutional indeterminacies involving reapportionment were resolved through the political process, and how the current House of Representatives arrived at its 435-seat limit. In all the debates leading up to the 435-seat limit in 1929, political actors invoked competing theories of representation to justify a preferred number of representatives. These arguments were vestiges of the debate over representation between the Anti-Federalists and Federalists during ratification of the Constitution. Maintaining the House at 435 seats for over a century has created a deep chasm between theories of representation and the reality of institutional design. Discontent over the nature of representation in the House of Representatives must be addressed through a combination of American political thought and American political development to understand the effects of limiting the number of House seats on theories of representation.