This chapter introduces this book’s central argument: climate justice necessitates the simultaneous processes of decarbonisationdecarbonisation and decolonisation. It argues that the climate crisis has a crucial justice dimension, as its impacts, deeply rooted in colonial histories and capitalist exploitation, disproportionately affect the Global South. This calls for a critical re-examination of dominant economic models and climate policies through a decolonial lens, challenging Eurocentric paradigms and advocating for inclusive, pluralistic approaches to sustainability. The chapter outlines the structure of the book and introduces key themes such as justice, reparations, and ecological balance in the global transition to a low-carbon economy.