Global climate change and fossil energy shortages have driven the development of clean energy. Solar power generation, characterized by its low-carbon attributes, has emerged as a critical solution to address the climate crisis. While photovoltaic system construction promotes vegetation restoration in arid regions through microclimate regulation, it may also induce habitat fragmentation, water resource competition, and biodiversity disturbances. Therefore, studying the ecological impacts of PV system construction holds significant practical importance. Based on a systematic review of domestic and international literature and industry reports, analyzing the impacts of PV on land resources, water resources, and biodiversity. It summarizes regional heterogeneity patterns, such as ecological restoration in arid zones and carbon sink loss in temperate regions. Finally, limitations of existing research are identified, and future development trends are discussed.