The origin of glass remains a subject of debate and exactly where and when the production of glass began is still uncertain. Some sources claim that glasses in general date as far back as 7000 BCE [1, 2], while others specifically date Egyptian glass to as early as 3000 BCE [3]. Such early claims, however, generally stem from confusion between glass content in the form glazes or faience and glass as an independent material. Glass believed to be dated to 2700–2600 BCE has been found in Mesopotamia, and glass beads seem to have been plentiful in Mesopotamia by 2450 BCE [2]. A lump of blue glass was found at the Sumerian city of Eridu in southern Mesopotamia [4] that is believed to date to before 2300 BCE [5]. Providing a note of caution, Robert Brill, a prominent authority on the history of glass technology, points out that while dates as early as 2600 BCE have been claimed for glass beads, at least some of these early dates are questionable [6]. In fact, some of these early examples were later found to be rock crystal rather than synthetic glass [7]. In a similar fashion, some early Egyptian objects originally thought to be brown or yellow glass were later proved to be amber [8]. Brill goes on to state that if the objects in question are limited to vessels comprised completely of glass, it is certain that such vessels were made in Egypt around 1500 BCE [5, 6, 9], and glass manufacture soon appeared as a major industry in Egypt [2, 9–15]. Such vessels were also produced in Mesopotamia by this time [10] and it is during this period that glass starts to be referenced in Mesopotamian written sources [13, 16]. Still, glass was considered a rare commodity during the late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) [17].

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Origins of Glass: Myth and Known History

  • Seth C. Rasmussen

摘要

The origin of glass remains a subject of debate and exactly where and when the production of glass began is still uncertain. Some sources claim that glasses in general date as far back as 7000 BCE [1, 2], while others specifically date Egyptian glass to as early as 3000 BCE [3]. Such early claims, however, generally stem from confusion between glass content in the form glazes or faience and glass as an independent material. Glass believed to be dated to 2700–2600 BCE has been found in Mesopotamia, and glass beads seem to have been plentiful in Mesopotamia by 2450 BCE [2]. A lump of blue glass was found at the Sumerian city of Eridu in southern Mesopotamia [4] that is believed to date to before 2300 BCE [5]. Providing a note of caution, Robert Brill, a prominent authority on the history of glass technology, points out that while dates as early as 2600 BCE have been claimed for glass beads, at least some of these early dates are questionable [6]. In fact, some of these early examples were later found to be rock crystal rather than synthetic glass [7]. In a similar fashion, some early Egyptian objects originally thought to be brown or yellow glass were later proved to be amber [8]. Brill goes on to state that if the objects in question are limited to vessels comprised completely of glass, it is certain that such vessels were made in Egypt around 1500 BCE [5, 6, 9], and glass manufacture soon appeared as a major industry in Egypt [2, 9–15]. Such vessels were also produced in Mesopotamia by this time [10] and it is during this period that glass starts to be referenced in Mesopotamian written sources [13, 16]. Still, glass was considered a rare commodity during the late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) [17].