Psychotherapy is a modern invention. The term only appeared at the end of the nineteenth century in France and the Netherlands. However, people have always found ways to solve psychological problems within spiritual, magical, or philosophical systems across different times and cultures. Doctors and healers, priests and shamans, or philosophers developed ideas appropriate to their time and culture about how to live a healthy life and how to protect or restore physical or mental health. Scientifically valid psychotherapy, according to our definition (see below), developed only in the late nineteenth century, beginning with hypnosis. This led to the first comprehensive and theoretically founded form of psychotherapy, which, with its further developments, remains significant today: Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis (1856–1939).