The field of psychooncology studies the influence of psychological and social factors on the development, course, and coping with oncological diseases and investigates the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatment methods to improve the emotional well-being and quality of life of oncological patients. Depending on the disease and treatment stage, 20–50% of all patients with a cancer diagnosis show symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders and are in need of (at least short-term) psychosocial support. Favorable coping strategies are: searching for meaning, active, problem-oriented coping, spirituality, trusting the doctors, and good interpersonal relationships. During the communication of a cancer diagnosis, it is especially important for the doctor to respond to negative emotions of the patient and their family with empathy. Patients expect the doctor to provide competent diagnostic information and to educate them about the stage of the disease and possible treatment, as well as to empathically support the patient while including the patient’s family in the conversation.