This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of executive functioning in individuals on the autism spectrum. It begins by defining executive functioning (EF) and examining its theoretical factor structure, highlighting its role in inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The chapter then outlines the typical developmental trajectory of EF in neurotypical individuals, and the relation of EF to cognitive abilities, and approaches to measurement of EF before transitioning to a discussion of EF in autistic individuals. We describe how these differences influence and interact with core diagnostic behaviours of autism. The chapter also reviews neuroimaging studies that investigate the neural underpinnings of EF in autism, shedding light on areas of brain activity that may contribute to observed EF differences. We highlight the connection between EF and support needs of those on the autism spectrum and describe current intervention approaches aimed at improving EF in autistic individuals. The chapter concludes by summarizing key insights and suggesting directions for future research and intervention strategies to better support autistic individuals in managing EF differences.