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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial mediators of cellular signaling and homeostasis; however, their dysregulation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the key contributors to ROS generation are oxygenases, including NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO), as well as mitochondrial enzymes whose expression and activity are tightly regulated by various epigenetic mechanisms. These contain DNA methylation, histone alterations, and noncoding RNAs, which collectively modulate the transcriptional landscape of genes encoding ROS-generating enzymes. Recent advances have revealed that aberrant epigenetic modifications exacerbate oxidative stress by upregulating oxygenases, thereby promoting metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and organ dysfunction. This chapter explores the emerging interplay between epigenetic regulation and oxygenase-mediated ROS production in the context of metabolic disorders. It also highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifiers to restore redox balance and mitigate the progression of metabolic diseases.

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Epigenetic Regulation of Oxygenases Involved in ROS Production in Metabolic Disorders

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Neetu Sachan,
  • Prakhar Varshney,
  • Phool Chandra,
  • Pradeep Singh

摘要

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial mediators of cellular signaling and homeostasis; however, their dysregulation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the key contributors to ROS generation are oxygenases, including NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO), as well as mitochondrial enzymes whose expression and activity are tightly regulated by various epigenetic mechanisms. These contain DNA methylation, histone alterations, and noncoding RNAs, which collectively modulate the transcriptional landscape of genes encoding ROS-generating enzymes. Recent advances have revealed that aberrant epigenetic modifications exacerbate oxidative stress by upregulating oxygenases, thereby promoting metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and organ dysfunction. This chapter explores the emerging interplay between epigenetic regulation and oxygenase-mediated ROS production in the context of metabolic disorders. It also highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifiers to restore redox balance and mitigate the progression of metabolic diseases.