Most human diseases are linked to the excessive stimulation of inflammatory responses, which are a basic defense reaction to damaging stimuli. Following the partial reduction of molecular oxygen, a family of molecules referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS) develops. When present in moderate amounts, ROS are essential signaling molecules that control several physiological functions, including inflammatory responses. But when ROS concentrations are very high, they have detrimental effects because they directly oxidize macromolecules in the body, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which causes several inflammatory diseases and worsens the development of inflammatory responses. Thus, creating and producing nanomaterials that scavenge ROS has become a crucial strategy for reestablishing ROS equilibrium, reducing inflammatory reactions, and shielding the host from harm. Here, the targeted ROS scavenging property of different smart nanocarrier systems have been discussed.