Microplastics (MPs) pollution of urban soils represents an emerging environmental challenge, particularly in many developing countries like Nigeria. MPs in soils increase the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), thus contributing to climate change. However, data on the extent of soil MPs pollution is lacking in Africa, hindering the capacity to understanding their impact on climate change. This study investigated microplastics pollution in urban soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. Density separation of MPs from the soil, stereoscopic microscopy, and Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were used to quantify the abundance, characteristics and polymer of MPs. Results revealed presence of microplastic pollution in all land uses. The abundances (items/50 g soil) of MPs were higher in automobile mechanic workshops (31.73 ± 19.32 and 32.18 ± 24.62 at upper and lower slopes, respectively) and residential areas (32.11 ± 17.84 and 33.44 ± 17.66 at low and high density areas, respectively) than in recreational parks (17.80 ± 12.09) and horticultural gardens (25.86 ± 16.02). Fibres, fragments and films were the main forms and low-density polyethylene was the dominant polymer of detected MPs. Polystyrene (PS) was high in the recreational parks and horticultural gardens. Black was the prevalent MPs colour. This study highlighted the pervasiveness of MPs pollution in soils of different urban land uses. The findings of this study have contributed to the highly needed data on the abundance of microplastic pollution in the soil environment, a requisite to understanding the impact of MPs on climate change. There is the urgent need for responsible plastic management in Nigeria to reduce this hidden agent of climate change.