The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of climate change in Africa by revealing the consequences of loss and damage. The systematic literature review (SLR) method was adopted to synthesize results. The SLR focused on the impact of losses and damages that are caused by extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, and veld fires. The literature review findings indicated that extreme climate events present evolving and urgent challenges in Africa. The findings revealed that floods, droughts and veld fires have devastating consequences including loss of human life, reduced crop yields, food insecurity, infrastructure damage, traumatic psychological experiences, increased disease outbreaks and climate-related health effects. This study recommended that African countries need to strengthen early warning systems, and their disaster preparedness plans. It also advocated for African governments to invest in climate-resilient agriculture and programs that addresses food security and poverty reduction. This study makes a timely contribution that challenges scholars, policy makers and governments in Africa to address the challenges of loss and damages caused by extreme climate changes by empowering communities with adaptive capacities such as knowledge, resources and skills.