The chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the role and significance of the ESG concept from the perspective of both businesses and financial markets in Poland, Europe and globally. The initial section of the study provides a comprehensive overview of the key international and pan-European regulatory initiatives that influence the transformation process of organisations towards sustainable development XE ‘sustainable development’. A particular focus is placed on the challenges encountered by Polish companies in implementing ESG aspects, with the findings of national research being given due consideration. The subsequent section will present the development of ESG investments, with particular emphasis on the Polish market. The present study analyses the degree of integration of ESG dimensions in investment strategies, and the dynamics of growth of assets managed according to these criteria. The barriers to the development of the ESG market in Poland are also identified, including a low level of knowledge about sustainable development, lack of standardised reporting and limited regulatory support. The chapter under discussion places particular emphasis on the notion that ESG is becoming an indispensable element of the strategies of both capital markets and businesses. The argument is then advanced that its effective implementation requires a coordinated effort in terms of educational, institutional and legislative actions. It is imperative to recognise that this is the only method by which the full potential of ESG in Poland and on a global scale can be realised.