This chapter aims to identify the economic and political factors influencing food distribution in cross-border trade. A review of relevant literature indicates that these factors are varied and can either impede or promote trade. The main insight is that trade facilitates food distribution by transferring food products from surplus countries to those facing deficits. This function is crucial in today’s world, where food availability and access can be unstable due to climatic challenges, economic uncertainties, restrictive trade policies, slow economic growth, unequal resource distribution, and conflicts. Accordingly, the chapter emphasizes that trade plays a vital role in stabilizing uneven food distribution and enhancing nutrition, thereby contributing to food security.