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The accelerated shift towards digitalization in manufacturing industries has significantly increased cybersecurity risks, particularly in sectors traditionally considered low-risk, such as the cement industry. This study investigates the influence of Information Security Awareness (ISA) and Knowledge of Cyber Threats (KCT) on employees’ Perceived Threat (PT) and Perceived Vulnerability (PVU), and how these perceptions shape overall Cybersecurity Awareness (CSA) in Indonesian cement manufacturing firms. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), data from 127 employees were analyzed to test direct and indirect effects using SmartPLS 3. The findings reveal that ISA significantly affects both PT and PVU, with a strong mediating effect of PVU on CSA. Conversely, while KCT positively influences PT, its effect on PVU and indirect pathways to CSA were not statistically significant. The study underscores the critical role of psychological constructs in enhancing cybersecurity awareness and advocates for tailored awareness programs focused on employees’ perceived susceptibility to threats. These insights contribute to theoretical models of cybersecurity behavior and offer practical guidance for strengthening digital resilience in industrial environments.

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Cybersecurity Awareness in Cement Industry: A Case Study of Employee Perspectives in Indonesian Manufacturing Firms

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Muhammad Zil Aufa Ramadhani,
  • Puspita Kencana Sari,
  • Galuh Sudarawerti

摘要

The accelerated shift towards digitalization in manufacturing industries has significantly increased cybersecurity risks, particularly in sectors traditionally considered low-risk, such as the cement industry. This study investigates the influence of Information Security Awareness (ISA) and Knowledge of Cyber Threats (KCT) on employees’ Perceived Threat (PT) and Perceived Vulnerability (PVU), and how these perceptions shape overall Cybersecurity Awareness (CSA) in Indonesian cement manufacturing firms. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), data from 127 employees were analyzed to test direct and indirect effects using SmartPLS 3. The findings reveal that ISA significantly affects both PT and PVU, with a strong mediating effect of PVU on CSA. Conversely, while KCT positively influences PT, its effect on PVU and indirect pathways to CSA were not statistically significant. The study underscores the critical role of psychological constructs in enhancing cybersecurity awareness and advocates for tailored awareness programs focused on employees’ perceived susceptibility to threats. These insights contribute to theoretical models of cybersecurity behavior and offer practical guidance for strengthening digital resilience in industrial environments.