Urban heat islandsUrban Heat Islands (UHIs) (UHIs) constitute a significant environmental issue in modern urban environments, characterized by substantially higher temperatures in urban centres compared to their adjacent rural regions. This chapter examines the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in analysing, predicting, and mitigating the UHIUrban Heat Islands (UHIs) phenomenon. It explores how AI methodologies, including remote sensingRemote sensing enhanced by computer vision, deep learning architectures for geospatial temperature mapping, predictive modelling, and local climate zone classification, are advancing the understanding of urban thermal environments. Emphasis is placed on explainable AI approaches that increase transparency, elucidate critical urban factors influencing heat retention, enhance model interpretability, guide targeted interventions, and affirm model reliability. The chapter also addresses existing challenges in AI applications for UHIUrban Heat Islands (UHIs) mitigation, such as data scarcity, the intricate nature of urban heat, dynamic urban landscapes, and scalability issues. Lastly, this chapter explores emerging technologies and research prospects, including advanced sensing networks, digital twin technology, and smart materials, which hold promise for more effective solutions to mitigate urban heat islandsUrban Heat Islands (UHIs) in an increasingly urbanized world facing the challenge of climate change.