Thermal Remote Sensing: A Case Study on Detecting and Analyzing Surface Temperature Variations in Response to Land Use and Land Cover Changes
摘要
ThisLand use and land cover changes studyLand cover changes analyzedLand cover variations inRemote sensing Land Surface TemperatureLand-surface temperature (LSTLand-surface temperature) and its relationship with changes in Land Use and Land CoverLand cover (LULC) in the municipality of Capanema, Eastern AmazonAmazon. The research utilized thermal imageryThermal imagery from Landsat satellites (TM and OLI/TIRS) to extract LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexVegetation indices (NDVI) values from 1985 to 2023. LULC classification was obtained from MapBiomas data, enabling the identification of landscape changes over time. Statistical analyses, including Spearman’s correlation, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn’s Post Hoc tests, were conducted to assess the relationship between LSTLand-surface temperature, NDVI, and LULC. The results revealed a significant temperature increase over the period analyzed, with an overall rise of 4.7 °C. Urban and pasture areas exhibited the highest LST values, while forested areas demonstrated a strong cooling effect. A negative correlation was found between NDVI and LSTLand-surface temperature, confirming the role of vegetation in regulating surface temperatures. These findings highlight the need for mitigation and adaptation strategies, including sustainable urban planningUrban planning and reforestation initiatives, to address rising temperatures. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of remote sensingRemote sensing and statistical analyses for environmental monitoring, providing critical insights for public policies aimed at conservation and sustainable developmentSustainable development in the Eastern AmazonAmazon.