Napoleon’s victory at the Battle of Jena in October 1806 routed the Prussian troops. Exactly one year later, in Berlin, the government initiated a programme of reforms centred on the organisation of rural land possessions. The reformers aimed to “liberate the energies of the nation”, particularly focusing on its most oppressed and socially marginalised class: the peasantry. This chapter provides an overview of the debate taking place in Prussia between 1807 and 1820 among government officials and ministers (e.g. Hardenberg, Altenstein, Stein) regarding the agrarian question and the need to transform the country’s economy through the liberation of land property. I highlight how the agrarian question and the ultimate political goal of this period, not only in Prussia but across Europe, namely the promulgation of a modern political constitution, are two inextricably linked aspects, where the realisation of one depends on that of the other, and vice versa. This does not mean to reduce the philosophical content of the Philosophy of Right to its historical context. On the contrary, understanding the social, juridical and political meanings of the categories in their historical context supports an exegetical operation that grasps otherwise cryptical internal connections in Hegel’s work.