This chapter demonstrates the application of mathematical modeling tools to chemotherapy scheduling, using real-world data from an Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit (OCU). Example schedules generated through two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) formulations are used to illustrate the problem dynamics and the impact of stochasticity on system performance. These examples highlight how an OCU manager can explore and balance typically conflicting objectives—such as operational efficiency, patient equity, and equitable workload distribution among nurses—by adjusting model parameters. Finally, the schedules produced by the mathematical models are compared to a baseline schedule currently used in practice, demonstrating improvements across multiple performance dimensions.