Understanding Climate Dynamics in Three Cities of Uttarakhand at Different Altitudes Using GEE and Nonparametric Methods
摘要
The Himalayan region is witnessing profound climate shifts due to global warming, urbanization, and land-use changes, causing changes in temperature and precipitation patterns across various altitudes. This study examines long-term trends in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and rainfall from 2004 to 2023 in three cities of Uttarakhand: Dehradun, Nainital, and Haridwar, using satellite datasets analysed through Google Earth Engine (GEE) and non-parametric statistical methods. Findings reveal a significant increase in annual rainfall in all three cities. Seasonal variability in precipitation suggests a shift in monsoon dynamics, leading to increased risks of flooding and water scarcity. Statistical analysis of temperature trends in Dehradun, Haridwar, and Nainital over the past two decades reveals significant seasonal variations, particularly in minimum temperatures during monsoon months (August and September). The study highlights the importance of adaptive urban planning, sustainable land-use policies, and climate-resilient infrastructure, as well as nature-based solutions, in addressing climate-induced risks in the Himalayan foothills.