Billions of poultry are produced and processed globally each year to provide meat and eggs for human consumption. During poultry production and processing, the need to kill birds arises in various contexts, including euthanasia on the farm and slaughter for human consumption in the processing plant. Regardless of circumstances, whether it involves killing individual birds or the commercial processing of thousands, animal welfare remains a critical concern. During euthanasia and slaughter processes, pain can result from prior injuries, improper handling, restraint, incorrect stunning or neck cutting (if stunning is not used or is ineffective). This chapter explores the challenges associated with euthanasia and slaughter, acknowledging the potential for birds to endure pain. Furthermore, it aims to identify ways to eliminate or reduce the risk of potentially painful experiences and improve animal welfare.