Strategic transport and logistics policy interventions which are grounded in sustainability, inclusivity, and adaptive governance can unlock transformative supply chain outcomes. However, existing infrastructure deficits, climate vulnerabilities, and technological gaps restrict African nations in building transport and logistics systems that can drive equitable growth and withstand global shocks. The main aim of this chapter is to examine how policy innovation can transform Africa’s transport and logistics sector to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population and an evolving economic landscape. The chapter focuses on three key objectives which are to examine how continental frameworks like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 are shaping policy environments to foster regional integration and boost intra-African trade, to identify key challenges that bedevil transport policies harmonisation which enhance resilience and to propose innovative policy interventions that could drive Africa towards a more green, inclusive and adaptive transport network. A literature review methodology was adopted to pursue the chapter objectives. The results show that development of logistics infrastructure in Africa is hampered by unsustainable transport network, absence of harmonised legislative framework that applies to the entire continent, inadequate infrastructure facilities, and limited logistics infrastructure funding. Finally, the chapter proposes adoption of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), and digital technologies to optimise supply chains and infrastructure investments, policy coherence to leverage continental frameworks, regional collaboration and adaptive governance to create inclusive and robust transport systems. The chapter concludes by exploring areas for further research.