The growing harmful effects from customary plastic packaging have led to sustainable alternatives such as renewed interest in biodegradableBiodegradable packaging materials. Plastic particles along with other potentially hazardous plastic-based elements can all be found within our natural environmentEnvironment within the food chain. These elements can pose meaningful ecological and health hazards. PolymersPolymers that are biodegradable represent a green answer that is promising. They are able to resolve the increasing issue of plastic pollutionPlastic pollution. These materials are created through resources as plant-based biopolymersBiopolymers with agricultural by-products plus microbialMicrobial fermentationMicrobial fermentation; these materials have advantages that are substantial over standard plastics based on petroleum, like better possibilities at end-of-life along with lower impact on the environmentEnvironment. Biodegradable polymersBiodegradable polymers degrade by natural processes so they lessen plastic waste in oceans and landfills. These polymersPolymers lessen dependence on fossil fuels also lower carbon emissions, provided we handle waste well using means like composting. The recyclable biopolymers can be processed into new products, minimizing waste. These polymers are becoming more popular in food packaging, also used for agricultural films and medical applications, demonstrating their versatility and offering environmentally friendly alternatives that lessen the negative environmental effects. Despite their benefits, challenges such as high cost of production and controlled degradationDegradation rates hinder their large-scale adoption. Innovations like biopolymerBiopolymers engineering is relentlessly working to improve their properties and make them viable alternative to plastics. This chapter aim to explore the different biodegradableBiodegradable polymersPolymers, their current state, challenges, and mechanism of degradation, finally how they mitigate environmental plastic pollutionPlastic pollution in combination with appropriate disposal systems.