EnvironmentalSustainability sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability focuses on biodiversity conservation, which means keeping energy resources and biodiversity in sync by meeting the needs of present and future generations in terms of facilities and requirements. The ecosystemEcosystem is facing significant issues as a result of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, wastewater discharge, and the release of xenobiotic chemicals. These toxins have the potential to negatively impact the local environmentEnvironment, ecosystem, and human health in a variety of ways. One of the rapidly growing solutions in the field of biotechnologyBiotechnology is nanotechnology, which utilizes nano-sized materials that have many advantages, such as excellent stability, target selectivity, and flexibility. Nanostructured materials, including nanocompositesNanocomposites, functionalized nanomaterials, metal organic frameworks, nanocatalystsNanocatalysts, carbonaceous materials, nano zeolites, nano silica, nano lubricants, and nano coatings, offer significant potential for greenhouse gasGreenhouse gases reduction, biofuelBiofuels production, wastewater treatment, and environmental remediationEnvironmental remediation through sustainable methods. Nanotechnology has also gotten a lot of attention recently because of its wide range of applications in wastewater treatment, leachate treatment, and bio-recalcitrant chemical remediation, all of which contribute to environmentalSustainability sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability andSustainability ecological health. This chapter delves into the role of nanobiotechnologyNanobiotechnology in environmentalSustainability sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability, highlighting its potential to revolutionize eco-friendly practices, enhance waste managementWaste management for cleaner and sustainable future.