In this chapter I make use of the mythological figure of Prometheus to capture the existential condition of humanity in the age of what Bernard Stiegler calls the entropocene. The purpose of this excavation work is to sketch the outline of a new tragic, existentialist politics centred upon moving beyond the modern idea of endless progress and thrownness into an infinite future towards a vision of human life and society concerned with a recognition of fatal limits, finitude, and mortality. Against the contemporary techno-futurists, whose response to the problem of the entropocene involves fantasies of blasting off into outer space and colonising new worlds, the Neo-Promethean version of existentialism I set out in this chapter is defined by humility and the need to recognise that true human freedom is necessarily founded upon a coming to terms with our terminal nature, rather than taking flight from this truth. To understand what this tragic existentialist way of life might look like, I read Aeschylus’ Prometheus through a history of tragic existentialism comprising Nietzsche’s work on tragedy, Heidegger’s theory of being-towards-death, and finally Freud’s psychoanalytic concept of the death drive.