The Kumaun Himalayas region in Uttarakhand, India, is a critical ecological zone characterized by its rich biodiversity and significant forest cover. Rapid urbanization, deforestation, and climate change seriously threaten its forest ecosystems. Healthy forest ecosystems are essential for life on earth, as stated in Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 15 “Life on Land.” This study aims to analyze the temporal dynamics of forest cover change in the Kumaun Himalaya region over the past decade in the context of sustainable development. The analysis of India State Forest Reports (ISFR) from multiple periods quantified changes in forest cover and identified key drivers contributing to these changes. Research findings reveal a concerning trend of deforestation and degradation, particularly in lower elevation areas due to expansion of human settlements, agricultural activities, and infrastructure development. Conversely, higher elevation forests exhibit signs of resilience but are not immune to the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, we assess the implications of forest cover change on ecosystem services, biodiversity, and local communities in the Kumaun Himalaya region. The study highlights the importance of sustainable forest management practices and conservation efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of forest loss and promote biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience for sustainable development. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, conservationists, and stakeholders to formulate effective strategies for sustainable development and biodiversity conservation in the fragile ecosystems of the Kumaun Himalaya region.