Flooding, channel migration, and human intervention have been leading to changes in land-use/land-cover (LULCLand Use and Land Cover (LULC)) in the adjacent part. This research seeks to analyse the Channel Migration Zone (CMZ)Channel Migration Zone (CMZ), and its vulnerabilities, and the repercussions of channel migration on LULCLand Use and Land Cover (LULC) in the Kaljani RiverKaljani river Basin using field measurements and geospatial techniques. The CMZ’s boundaries are delineated through a combined analysis of historical migration, the risks of avulsion and erosion, and regions with disconnected migration. The changes were assessed by measuring channel width, total migration distance, sinuosity indexSinuosity index, erosion and deposition area, unaltered area, and historical migration area. The study area’s LULC classification was performed utilizing the supervised classification technique in ArcGIS. The LULC maps of 1972 and 2024 were found to align closely with the classified and reference data, along with Kappa coefficientsKappa coefficient of 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. The mapping of the CMZChannel Migration Zone (CMZ) is based on the riverbank migration rates from 1913 to 2024 and from 1972 to 2024, with the respective areal coverage of 35.73 km2 and 35.05 km2, respectively. In Reach-1, the historical migration area is notably larger (253.28 hectares) than in other reaches, while the area affected by erosion is also diminished (116.45 hectares) due to channel avulsion. From 1972 to 2024, there was a decrease in water bodies and cultivated land, while sandbars, vegetation, built-up areas, and fallow land exhibited growth. Consequently, this research will significantly aid in formulating strategies to reduce human impact on the environment and to promote ecological and biological diversity within the floodplain region.