Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most significant and widely harvested crops in Bangladesh. The uses of gross products from sugarcane are sugar, ethanol, juice, mold, bagasse, and many consumer products. The country’s sugarcane cultivated area has declined over time, and it imports sugarcane products every year. In the context, the chapter aims to investigate sugarcane cultivation areaSugarcane cultivation area changes and find out the causes behind it. The multispectral Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images have been used in the Ishwardi region, and primary data were collected through the FGDFocus Group Discussion (FGD) method. Sugarcane identification and change detectionChange detection maps were created using supervised image processing with random forest (RF) classifiers and the changes with spatial and statistical analysis. The sugarcane cultivation constraintsConstraints were analyzed through the focused group discussion (FGD) and ranked using the problem facing index (PFI)Problem Facing Index (PFI). The resultant land use map shows that about 3641.94 ha, 2654.34 ha, 1884.92 ha, and 1505.94 ha of sugarcane area were found in the years 1993, 2003, 2013, and 2023, respectively. The result of the change detectionChange detection map proved that the amount of sugarcane cultivation areaSugarcane cultivation area decreased rapidly (68%) in the past 30 years (1993–2023). The supervised classification technique has achieved 94%, 98%, 91.2%, and 92.4% overall accuracy. The major sugarcane farmers face high difficulties in sugarcane farming. Among the selected ten problems, lack of capitalLack of capital was identified as the most critical one, and the smallest number of problems confronted by the planters was the unavailability of labor for sugarcane farming. The overall outcomes represented by this research may be beneficial for formulating a strategy toward rising sugarcane cultivation region and the production of sugarcane in Ishwardi Upazila, as well as the entire country.