The Bhairab River basin in Murshidabad is a significant agricultural region in West Bengal, India. Physical and chemical properties of soil play a crucial role in determining agricultural productivityAgricultural productivity. This study investigates the physical and chemical properties of soil in the Bhairab River basin and their impact on agricultural productivityAgricultural productivity. Soil samplesSoil samples were collected from different locations and depths within the river basin and analysed for physical properties like texture and chemical properties (pH, organic carbonOrganic carbon, and nutrient content). The results show significant spatial variability in soil propertiesSoil properties, with texture ranging from sandy loam to clay loam, and pH varying from slightly acidic to neutral. Organic carbonOrganic carbon and nutrient content were found to be relatively low, indicating nutrient deficienciesNutrient deficiency. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between soil propertiesSoil properties and agricultural productivity. The study highlights the need for soil conservationConservation and management practices to improve agricultural productivity in the Bhairab River basin. The findings of this research can be used to develop location-specificLocation specific soil managementSoil management strategies, improving crop yieldsCrop yield and livelihoods for farmersLivelihoods for farmers in the region.