This study examines the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and corporate sustainability (CS) in the framework of the New Companies Act, 2013, in India, using a Tata Steel case study. The objectives of this research work is to examine statutory governance mandates-impacted sustainability strategies, evaluate the integration of CSR and environmental activities in business operations, and assess their impact on organizational performance. This research uses a qualitative case study approach, focusing on a comprehensive review of corporate reports, regulatory frameworks, and secondary literature. The results indicate that Tata Steel’s compliance with important sections of the Companies Act such as board independence, gender diversity, CSR provision, and transparency initiatives has remarkably improved its performance on financial, environmental, and social dimensions. Prominent projects such as the ‘Thousand Schools Project’ and water neutrality project have augmented the company’s community involvement and sustainability image. The research has some important policy implications, signifying that a legislative framework aligned with ESG principles can guide Indian companies towards enduring sustainability while maintaining stakeholder accountability. The originality of this research stems from its case study analysis of a leading Indian firm’s strategy alignment with statutory governance for sustainable development—an aspect inadequately addressed in the present literature. Future research can adopt a comparative approach across sectors to provide 360-degree insights into sector-specific issues, impact assessment frameworks, and the development of ESG practices in developing countries.