The Kerala-Konkan Basin, covering over 600,000 km2 along India’s western coast, represents a key segment of the Western Continental Margin of India (WCMI). Its geological evolution is closely linked to global tectonic events, including the breakup of Gondwanaland, the formation of the Mascarene and Laxmi Basins, and Deccan volcanism. Divided into the Konkan and Kerala sub-basins by transverse arches, the region holds significant hydrocarbon potential. Basin and Petroleum System Modelling studies highlight two primary mature source rocks in the basin, the Paleocene-Early Eocene Kasargod Formation and the Late Cretaceous Cochin Formation, both exhibiting favourable maturity and expulsion characteristics. Structural evolution, including multi-stage rifting, has influenced hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. Geochemical indicators, including fluid inclusions, support the presence of a working petroleum system. Despite challenges posed by thick basalt flows and variable thermal gradients, modelling suggests speculative Cretaceous sequences and the Paleocene-Early Eocene sequences in the basin could contribute to the presence of an active petroleum system. Advanced seismic imaging and further exploration efforts are crucial for refining assessments and unlocking this vast basin’s untapped potential. The Kerala-Konkan Basin stands as a highly promising frontier for hydrocarbon exploration, offering immense potential for future discoveries. Its vast expanse, complex geological history, and favourable petroleum system indicators make it a compelling target for further investigation. As research and exploration efforts progress, this basin is poised to play a vital role in expanding India’s offshore energy resources, reinforcing its significance as a high-potential, underexplored hydrocarbon province.