While fossil energy resources such as coal, oil, and gas are still the dominant source of world energy supplies, an energy transition to non-CO2 emitting sources is well under way, with wind and solar showing rapidly accelerating growth rates and market shares, especially for electricity generation. In addition, there is increasing interest in new subsurface ‘geological’ energy resources. The most important of these is geothermal using Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) production methods which is following an extremely rapid development curve including the construction of the first utility-scale power plant with 500 MW generation capacity at a site which has the potential for over 5 GW of production capacity. The EGS approach is especially suited for electricity generation, and production is based on proven methods adapted from those used for unconventional oil & gas. In this article, the new production approach, ongoing research activities, and the resulting new geothermal exploration play characteristics and exploration strategies are reviewed. The importance of Oil & Gas E&P technical expertise for EGS is discussed in connection with the current and potential status of geothermal energy in India, and the chapter concludes with a summary of the National Policy on Geothermal Energy, released by the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) in September 2025.