This chapter is devoted to the analysis of actions and events as key categories of objective mental reality. The author introduces the notion of action within objective mental reality as a mental act carried out by an object of objective mental reality (an individual, institution, or group) within objective mental reality. This act is accompanied by a physical action but is not reducible to it, and it results in the transformation of objective mental reality itself. Unlike the actions of animals, human actions acquire symbolic and status-related significance, as they are realized within the framework of collective objective mental reality. The author emphasizes that entities such as a promise, obligation, command, trust, and prohibition are specific constructions of objective mental reality, existing solely within consciousness and its symbolic structures. Many actions that appear to be purely physical—such as a court ruling, voting, or an inauguration—in fact occur within objective mental reality, where they acquire their meaning and consequences. This chapter explores the interrelation of physical and mental reality as two interdependent layers of the human world, in which changes are mutually conditioned. Events and situations, being meaningful changes rather than mere physical facts, exist primarily within objective mental reality. The author stresses that humans live and act not only in physical reality, but also in a symbolically structured mental reality, which they themselves, to some extent, constitute.