Inconel superalloys are difficult to machine due to their high strength and limited suitable cutting tools. This study investigates dry machining as a green alternative in the metalworking industry, with a focus on achieving low surface roughness, environmental impact and production costs., a critical quality metric. Since optimal cutting conditions are often determined through trial and error—resulting in higher time, energy use, and costs—this work uses the Taguchi L9(33) method to optimize cutting parameters and identify key factors affecting surface finish. Experiments were conducted on CNC lathes using Inconel 718 and PVD-coated TiN/TiAlN tools, with analysis via signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and ANOVA. Results showed that cutting speed had the greatest influence on surface roughness, followed by feed rate and depth of cut. Overall, the study supports dry machining as a viable, eco-friendly strategy for improving efficiency and promoting sustainable manufacturing.