Copper is one the most widely used industrial metals due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties. Today, its applications have a wide range of industrial sectors. One of the main processing methods for copper is plastic deformation, which allows the material to change shape without fracturing and enhances certain mechanical properties through structural strengthening. During plastic deformation, copper exhibits increased hardness due to the accumulation of dislocations within the crystal lattice; however, this also reduces its ductility. To restore its plastic deformability and improve the internal structure after deformation, a thermal treatment known as recrystallization is often applied. This process enables the formation of a new, strain-free microstructure and allows the material to be further processed to achieve desired mechanical properties. Therefore, understanding the behavior of copper during plastic deformation and subsequent recrystallization is essential for optimizing industrial processing and ensuring the quality of final products. In this study, the deformation of the crystal lattice in pure copper was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the subsequent effects of recrystallization were systematically evaluated. The results confirm that recrystallization effectively restores the strain-free crystalline structure while eliminating lattice distortions induced by plastic deformation. The contribution of this work lies in the experimental validation of recrystallization as a reliable and quantifiable restoration method, achieved through the correlation of XRD-derived structural parameters with the recovery of mechanical integrity. These findings provide both a deeper crystallographic insight into copper’s deformation–recovery mechanisms and practical guidance for optimizing industrial processing routes.