Rational substances are created in the image of God. In the previous chapter I argued that Leibniz’s rather strong emphasis on the imago dei in creatures involves a metaphysical story having roots deep within the Western Christian philosophical tradition. Part of the metaphysical story involves a rather common causal principle—the causal likeness principle—that can be traced (at least) from the time of St Thomas to the seventeenth century. Yet, as many were aware, a consistent reliance on this principle, particularly applying it to God’s act of creation, would seem to result in the following mystery: How does an immaterial God create a material world? What likeness can there be between these two radically different kinds of being? Leibniz, I think, has a ready response to such questions.