The growing emphasis on sustainability in the textile industry has led to increased exploration of alternative fiber sources. Cotton stalk residue, a by-product of cotton cultivation, presents a viable and eco-friendly solution for fiber production. Traditionally considered agricultural waste, cotton stalks are rich in cellulose, making them a promising raw material for textile applications. This chapter explores into the chemical composition, fiber extraction techniques, and potential uses of cotton stalk fibers in sustainable textile resource mixes. Recent advancements in mechanical, chemical, and biotechnological processing have improved the feasibility of utilizing cotton stalks for nonwoven fabrics, blended textiles, and bio-composites. Additionally, the integration of cotton stalk fibers into industrial textiles such as packaging, geotextiles and paper-based materials is gaining momentum. The environmental benefits of repurposing cotton stalk residue include waste reduction, lower carbon emissions, and a significant contribution to the circular economy. Moreover, its economic advantages lie in reducing dependency on conventional fiber sources and providing cost-effective alternatives for manufacturers. Despite these benefits, challenges such as fiber quality variability, processing costs and market acceptance hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these issues through research, policy support, and technological innovations can enhance the commercial viability of cotton stalk fibers. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton stalk residue in textile resource mixes, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and economically feasible alternative in the global textile industry.