Cotton stalks, a by-product of cotton cultivation, are often left on the fields or burnt, contributing to environmental pollution and waste. This chapter examines the potential of cotton stalks as a renewable bioenergy source for sustainable textile production. With their high lignocellulosic content, cotton stalks can be efficiently converted into biofuels through processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion. This biomass valorization not only provides a decentralized and cost-effective energy supply for rural textile operations but also addresses waste management and soil degradation concerns. The chapter details the physicochemical properties of cotton stalks that make them suitable for energy production and explores sustainable technologies for their conversion. Integrating cotton stalk bioenergy into textile value chains reduces dependency on fossil fuels and promotes circular economy principles. Additionally, socioeconomic advantages like increased farmer income and rural electricity availability are examined alongside environmental advantages like reduced greenhouse gas emissions and better air quality. Successful implementation strategies are demonstrated by case studies from India and other cotton-producing countries, while techno-economic evaluations offer information on viability and the return on investment. Policy recommendations include subsidies for biomass energy projects, research support for advanced bioenergy systems, and awareness programs for farmers and textile stakeholders. The chapter concludes that leveraging cotton stalks for bioenergy not only strengthens the sustainability of the textile sector but also contributes meaningfully to climate resilience and rural development.