This book examines one of the most pressing challenges of the modern era—the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve sustainability across energy-intensive sectors. Industries such as textiles, construction, petrochemicals, transport, and energy production contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, both through direct operations and indirect supply chain activities. Improving energy efficiency and assessing carbon footprints are therefore essential strategies for mitigating climate change while maintaining industrial growth and competitiveness. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the methods, technologies, and practices that support a transition towards low-carbon pathways. Key themes include renewable energy adoption, circular economy approaches, sustainable waste management, alternative fuels, and systematic assessment frameworks for evaluating and reporting emissions. The discussion extends beyond technological solutions to include governance structures, regulatory mechanisms, and best practices that enable large-scale implementation of decarbonization strategies.