Political Parties and Democratic Norms
摘要
Party loyalty undermines checks and balances and the peaceful transfer of power. When allegiance to a party superpasses allegiance to basic democratic norms, the health of a democracy is in peril. Parties also foster a “spirit of revenge” that prioritizes defeating opponents over governing responsibly. Preserving democratic norms requires loyalty to constitutional principles above partisan identity, and parties lack the incentive to encourage this kind of loyalty.