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Several natural and man-made changes occurs over the period, and detecting and mapping these changes help researchers decipher the change and plan for their future actions. The current study is one of its kind to develop the land use land cover (LULC) map of the Larkana district of Sindh, Pakistan, one of the most affected districts by 2022 floods in Pakistan. Besides LULC, this study also performs the change detection from 2010 to 2024 with an interval of 5 years and assesses the flood’s impact on the district. The results were developed using the Landsat 7 TM and Landsat 8 and 9 OLI from Earth Explorer and processed in ArcGIS 10.5 through satellite imagery transformed into geo-referenced False Color Composites (FCC) format on UTM projection 47 N with WGS 1984 datum. The results suggest a nearly 17.5% increase in urbanization in the past 14 years, whereas agricultural land declined by 7.8% till 2020 and surprisingly saw an increase of 24.2% by 2024. This may correspond to the aftereffects of a flood in 2022 or the conversion of barren lands and water bodies into agricultural land. Barren land decreased by 34.2%, and water body decreased by 6.7% by 2024. In addition, the impact of the 2022 flood suggests that water body was 15.9% in July 2022, increased to 56.2% in August 2022, decreased to 26.1% in September 2022, and further decreased to 21.7% in October 2022, indicating the continued recovery and restoration of the affected regions. These results complement LULC changes and floods in the Larkana District, which is essential for getting evidence for the well-based management of lands and disaster risk reduction in the region.

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Land Use Land Cover, Change Detection, and Flood Assessment of Larkana District: Application of Remote Sensing and GIS

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Haji Muhammad,
  • Nongnapat Rugniyom,
  • Jirapat Suksomboon,
  • Kumari Nikitha,
  • Sultan Adeel,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu

摘要

Several natural and man-made changes occurs over the period, and detecting and mapping these changes help researchers decipher the change and plan for their future actions. The current study is one of its kind to develop the land use land cover (LULC) map of the Larkana district of Sindh, Pakistan, one of the most affected districts by 2022 floods in Pakistan. Besides LULC, this study also performs the change detection from 2010 to 2024 with an interval of 5 years and assesses the flood’s impact on the district. The results were developed using the Landsat 7 TM and Landsat 8 and 9 OLI from Earth Explorer and processed in ArcGIS 10.5 through satellite imagery transformed into geo-referenced False Color Composites (FCC) format on UTM projection 47 N with WGS 1984 datum. The results suggest a nearly 17.5% increase in urbanization in the past 14 years, whereas agricultural land declined by 7.8% till 2020 and surprisingly saw an increase of 24.2% by 2024. This may correspond to the aftereffects of a flood in 2022 or the conversion of barren lands and water bodies into agricultural land. Barren land decreased by 34.2%, and water body decreased by 6.7% by 2024. In addition, the impact of the 2022 flood suggests that water body was 15.9% in July 2022, increased to 56.2% in August 2022, decreased to 26.1% in September 2022, and further decreased to 21.7% in October 2022, indicating the continued recovery and restoration of the affected regions. These results complement LULC changes and floods in the Larkana District, which is essential for getting evidence for the well-based management of lands and disaster risk reduction in the region.