The growing climate instability and extreme events, such as droughts and floods, are affecting global food and water security. Agroecology emerges as a sustainable approach, integrating ecological principles into agricultural production, promoting biodiversity, soil regeneration, and efficient water use. These practices are essential for adapting to climate change and mitigating its impacts. Water scarcity, one of the most urgent consequences of the climate crisis, primarily affects rural areas dependent on irrigation. Agroecology offers solutions such as rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, and the use of drought-resistant species, which increase the resilience of production systems. Techniques like composting, crop rotation, and agroforestry enhance water retention in the soil and recharge aquifers, in addition to improving water quality. In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agroecology contributes to goals such as ending hunger (SDG 2), ensuring access to clean water (SDG 6), and combating climate change (SDG 13). Crop diversification and the use of traditional seeds promote safer and more nutritious food systems, while the replacement of chemical inputs reduces pollution and strengthens local economies. By combining traditional knowledge with science, agroecology strengthens food sovereignty and farmer autonomy, being essential for building more resilient and just food systems.